Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was developed by David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen in 1988. This 20-item scale measures your natural emotional tendencies compared to the general population. This assessment evaluates your long-term average emotional state. If some emotional states fluctuate, base your answers on your long-term average. Find a moment when your mood is relatively calm — do not take this assessment when you are feeling particularly down or unusually excited. The assessment takes 10-15 minutes to complete.